Chemical Structure / Formula of β-Lactamase Inhibitors
- Examples: Clavulanic acid (C8H9NO5), Sulbactam (C8H11NO5S), Tazobactam (C10H12N4O5S).
- Contain a β-lactam ring but lack strong antibacterial activity themselves.
Clavulanic acid
Mechanism of Action
- Irreversibly bind to bacterial β-lactamases, preventing them from breaking down β-lactam antibiotics.
- Given in combination with penicillins or cephalosporins (e.g., Amoxicillin-Clavulanate).
Uses
- Used with penicillins or cephalosporins to treat resistant infections (Pseudomonas, Enterobacteriaceae).
- Common combinations:
- Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid (Augmentin)
- Piperacillin + Tazobactam (Zosyn)
Side Effects of β-Lactamase Inhibitors
- Mostly due to the antibiotic they are combined with.
- Common: GI upset, diarrhea.
- Serious: Hypersensitivity reactions.
