What is COPD?
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive respiratory condition that causes difficulty in breathing.
- It includes:
- Chronic Bronchitis: Inflammation and narrowing of airways with excessive mucus production.
- Emphysema: Damage to alveoli (air sacs), reducing lung function.
- Refractory Asthma: Asthma that doesn’t respond well to standard treatments.
Causes:
- Long-term exposure to irritants like tobacco smoke (primary & second-hand), air pollution, occupational dust and chemicals.
- Genetic factors can also contribute.
Symptoms of COPD
- Shortness of breath (especially with activity)
- Chronic cough with mucus
- Wheezing
- Chest tightness
- Fatigue
- Frequent respiratory infections
- Cyanosis (bluish lips or fingernails)
- Swelling in ankles, feet, or legs
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Note: Symptoms often develop slowly and may be mistaken for aging or lack of fitness.
Treatment Goals
- Relieve symptoms
- Improve lung function and quality of life
- Prevent complications and disease progression
