Drugs for Constipation

Drugs for Constipation include laxatives that increase bowel movement by softening stool or stimulating intestinal motility.

Drugs for Constipation

• Constipation = infrequent or difficult passage of stool, often due to reduced bowel motility or dehydration.

Types of Laxatives

1. Bulk-forming Laxatives

   • Examples: Psyllium husk (Isabgol), Methylcellulose
   • Mechanism: Absorb water → increase bulk → stimulate peristalsis
   • Use: Chronic constipation
   • Note: Must be taken with plenty of water

2. Stool Softeners (Emollients)

   • Examples: Docusate sodium
   • Mechanism: Soften stool by increasing water and fat penetration
   • Use: Post-surgery, hemorrhoids, pregnancy

3. Osmotic Laxatives

   • Examples: Lactulose, Magnesium hydroxide, Polyethylene glycol (PEG)
   • Mechanism: Retain water in intestine → soften stool & promote peristalsis
   • Use: Rapid bowel clearance (e.g., before colonoscopy), hepatic encephalopathy (lactulose)

4. Stimulant (Irritant) Laxatives

   • Examples: Bisacodyl, Senna
   • Mechanism: Stimulate enteric nerves → ↑ motility and secretion
   • Use: Short-term use only
   • Caution: Long-term use may cause dependence

5. Lubricants

   • Examples: Liquid paraffin
   • Mechanism: Lubricates stool and intestinal wall
   • Use: Occasional constipation
   • Caution: Aspiration risk (lipid pneumonia)

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