Targeted Drugs to Antigens

Overview of Targeted Drugs to Antigens

• Targeted drugs are therapies designed to specifically bind to antigens—unique molecular markers—on cells involved in diseases like cancer, autoimmune disorders, and infections.
• These drugs are often monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) or engineered molecules that deliver precise treatment.

Mechanism of Action

• Bind specifically to disease-related antigens (e.g., proteins or receptors)
• Block signaling pathways or cell functions
• Mark diseased cells for destruction by the immune system
• Spare healthy tissues → fewer side effects compared to traditional drugs

Applications by Disease Types of Targeted Drugs to Antigens

• Cancer

  • Example Targets:
    • HER2 in breast cancer → Targeted by Trastuzumab
    • EGFR in lung cancer → Targeted by Erlotinib
  • Action: Inhibit growth signals or promote cancer cell destruction

• Autoimmune Disorders

  • Example Drug:
    • Adalimumab (Humira)
    • Target: TNF-alpha, a pro-inflammatory cytokine
  • Use: Rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease
  • Action: Reduces inflammation by blocking cytokine activity

• Infectious Diseases

  • Examples:
    • Bamlanivimab, Casirivimab/Imdevimab → Target SARS-CoV-2
  • Action: Bind to viral proteins, neutralize virus, prevent infection progression

Advantages of Targeted Therapy

• High specificity
• Lower risk of harming healthy tissues
• Reduced systemic side effects
• Personalized treatment options

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