Morphine (Opioid) Poisoning

Overview of Morphine (Opioid) Poisoning

• Morphine is a potent opioid analgesic that acts on mu-opioid receptors in the CNS.
• Overdose leads to CNS and respiratory depression.

Clinical Symptoms

• Pinpoint Pupils (Miosis): Classic sign (though may be absent in mixed overdoses).
• Respiratory Depression: Slow, shallow breathing—primary cause of death.
• CNS Depression: Drowsiness, stupor, coma.
• Cardiovascular: Hypotension, bradycardia.
• GI Effects: Constipation (less prominent in acute toxicity).

Management of Morphine (Opioid) Poisoning

1. Supportive Care:

   • Secure airway: provide respiratory support if needed.
   • IV fluids for hypotension.

2. Antidote – Naloxone (Narcan):

   • Opioid receptor antagonist.
   • Administered IV, IM, or intranasally.
   • Reverses CNS and respiratory depression rapidly.
   • Repeated dosing may be necessary (shorter duration than morphine).

3. Monitoring:

   • Watch for opioid withdrawal symptoms in opioid-dependent patients.

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