B Pharmacy

Chemical Structure / Formula of Fluconazole Formula: C₁₃H₁₂F₂N₆O Structure: Triazole antifungal with two fluorine atoms (F) on benzyl ring. Mechanism of Action Inhibits lanosterol 14α-demethylase, preventing ergosterol formation. Uses of Fluconazole Candidiasis (oral, esophageal, vaginal, systemic). Cryptococcal meningitis (especially in HIV patients). Dermatophytosis and fungal UTIs. Side Effects Hepatotoxicity, GI upset. QT prolongation, alopecia (long-term … Read more

Chemical Structure / Formula of Itraconazole Formula: C₃₅H₃₈Cl₂N₈O₄ Structure: Triazole antifungal with lipophilic side chains. Mechanism of Action Inhibits lanosterol 14α-demethylase, preventing ergosterol synthesis. Uses of Itraconazole Systemic fungal infections (Histoplasmosis, Aspergillosis, Candidiasis, Blastomycosis). Onychomycosis (fungal nail infections). Side Effects Hepatotoxicity, GI upset, headache. Heart failure risk (black box warning: negative inotropic effects).

Chemical Structure / Formula of Terconazole Formula: C₂₂H₂₇Cl₃N₄O₃ Structure: Triazole antifungal with a chlorinated phenyl group. Mechanism of Action Inhibits ergosterol biosynthesis, disrupting fungal membrane stability. Uses of Terconazole Vaginal candidiasis (topical and suppository forms). Side Effects Local irritation, vaginal burning, pruritus.

Chemical Structure / Formula of Ketoconazole Formula: C₂₆H₂₈Cl₂N₄O₄ Structure: A imidazole antifungal with two chlorinated benzyl groups. Mechanism of Action Inhibits lanosterol 14α-demethylase, blocking ergosterol synthesis and disrupting fungal membrane integrity. Uses of Ketoconazole Topical and oral use for fungal infections: Systemic fungal infections (Histoplasmosis, Blastomycosis, Candidiasis) (oral use). Seborrheic dermatitis, tinea infections, dandruff (topical … Read more

Chemical Structure / Formula of Miconazole Formula: C₁₈H₁₄Cl₄N₂O Structure: Imidazole antifungal with multiple chlorine substitutions. Mechanism of Action Inhibits ergosterol synthesis, disrupting fungal membrane stability. Uses of Miconazole Oral thrush, cutaneous fungal infections, vaginal candidiasis. Side Effects Skin irritation, burning, redness. Synthesis of Miconazole Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) of Miconazole Structural Feature SAR Insight Imidazole ring … Read more

Chemical Structure / Formula of Tioconazole Formula: C₁₆H₁₃Cl₃N₂OS Structure: Imidazole antifungal with a thiophene ring. Mechanism of Action Inhibits lanosterol 14α-demethylase, preventing ergosterol formation. Uses of Tioconazole Vaginal yeast infections, tinea infections. Side Effects Local irritation, burning, itching.

Chemical Structure / Formula of Oxiconazole Formula: C₁₈H₁₄Cl₄N₂O Structure: Imidazole antifungal with a chlorinated benzodioxane core. Mechanism of Action Disrupts fungal ergosterol biosynthesis, leading to cell lysis. Uses of Oxiconazole Topical antifungal (tinea infections, candidiasis). Side Effects Skin irritation, redness, burning.

Chemical Structure / Formula of Butoconazole Formula: C₁₉H₁₇Cl₃N₂OS Structure: Imidazole antifungal with a chlorinated benzothiophene ring. Mechanism of Action Inhibits lanosterol 14α-demethylase, blocking ergosterol biosynthesis. Uses of Butoconazole Vaginal candidiasis treatment (topical application). Side Effects Vaginal burning, itching, irritation.

Chemical Structure / Formula of Econazole Formula: C₁₈H₁₅Cl₃N₂O Structure: Imidazole antifungal with a chlorinated benzodioxane moiety. Mechanism of Action Inhibits ergosterol synthesis, disrupting fungal membrane integrity. Uses of Econazole Topical antifungal (dermatophytosis, candidiasis, tinea infections). Side Effects Skin irritation, redness, pruritus.

Chemical Structure / Formula of Clotrimazole Formula: C₂₂H₁₇ClN₂ Structure: A imidazole antifungal with a chlorinated benzyl group. Mechanism of Action Inhibits lanosterol 14α-demethylase, preventing ergosterol synthesis. Uses of Clotrimazole Topical antifungal (vaginal candidiasis, tinea infections). Side Effects Skin irritation, itching, burning sensation.