Overview of Targeted Drugs to Antigens Targeted drugs are therapies designed to specifically bind to antigens—unique molecular markers—on cells involved in diseases like cancer, autoimmune disorders, and infections. These drugs are often monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) or engineered molecules that deliver precise treatment. Mechanism of Action Bind specifically to disease-related antigens (e.g., proteins or receptors) Block … Read more
Monoclonal Antibodies (mAbs) are targeted protein drugs that bind specific antigens and treat cancer and autoimmune diseases. Monoclonal Antibodies (mAbs) Lab-produced proteins that mimic natural antibodies Designed to bind specific antigens (e.g., proteins on cancer cells or pathogens) Produced using hybridoma technology (fusion of B-cells with myeloma cells) Mechanism of Action Bind to specific targets … Read more
Definition of Protein Drugs These are therapeutic agents derived from proteins (e.g., antibodies, enzymes, hormones) used to treat various medical conditions. They are typically produced using recombinant DNA technology. Mechanism of Action Protein drugs work by: Binding to specific molecules (e.g., cytokines, receptors) Modulating biological activity Replacing missing/dysfunctional proteins Inhibiting enzymes Targeting specific cells or … Read more
Definition of Immunosuppressants These are drugs that suppress or weaken the immune system’s activity, commonly used to: Prevent organ transplant rejection Treat autoimmune diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, lupus) They work by targeting immune cells, cytokines, or signaling pathways to reduce immune responses. Types of Immunosuppressants Corticosteroids Examples: Prednisone, Dexamethasone Mechanism: Suppress inflammation and immune activity … Read more
Definition of Immunostimulants Immunostimulants are substances that enhance the immune system’s response to infections, cancer, or other diseases by activating or regulating immune cells. Types of Immunostimulants Specific Immunostimulants Target specific components of the immune system (e.g., interferons, interleukins, monoclonal antibodies). Activate or enhance the immune response against specific antigens or pathogens. Non-Specific Immunostimulants Stimulate … Read more
Chemotherapy of Malignancy (Anticancer Drugs) explains drugs used to kill or inhibit cancer cells by targeting cell division. Chemotherapy of Malignancy (Anticancer Drugs) Chemotherapy is a cancer treatment that uses drugs to kill cancer cells or stop them from growing and dividing. It can be used to treat many types of cancer, including leukemia, lymphoma, … Read more
What is Malignancy? Malignancy refers to the presence of cancerous cells or tumors that have the potential to invade and spread to other parts of the body. Cancer is a disease in which abnormal cells grow and divide uncontrollably, often forming tumors that can interfere with normal body functions. Common Types of Cancer Breast Cancer … Read more
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) are infections transmitted through sexual contact caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites. Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), also known as sexually transmitted infections (STIs), are infections spread through sexual contact, including: Vaginal sex Anal sex Oral sex STDs can affect all genders and may lead to serious health … Read more
Pharmacology of Drugs for Urinary Tract Infections explains mechanisms of drugs used to treat bacterial infections of the urinary tract Pharmacology of Drugs for Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) First-Line Antibiotics (Uncomplicated UTI) Nitrofurantoin Mechanism: Damages bacterial DNA Use: Cystitis (not for pyelonephritis) Note: Avoid in renal impairment Fosfomycin Mechanism: Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis Use: … Read more
Pharmacology of Antimalarial Drugs explains mechanisms and actions of drugs used to treat malaria by targeting Plasmodium. Overview of Pharmacology of Antimalarial Drugs Malaria is caused by Plasmodium species (P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae, P. ovale), transmitted by the bite of female Anopheles Antimalarial drugs are classified based on the stage of the parasite … Read more
